Japan Starts 2009 with a Current Account Deficit

Japan recorded a current account deficit in January of $172.8 billion yen, due largely to the collapse in exports. Exports of goods declined by 1309.6 billion yen in January and were 2830.6 billion yen below a year ago. Imports declined 663.2 billion yen in January and were 1914.9 billion yen below January, 2008. The resulting deficit on goods was 844.4 billion yen in January, compared with 197.9 billion yen in December and a surplus of 71.3 in January, 2008. The balance between income from foreign sources and payments to these sources increased from 924.2 billion yen in December to 992.4 billion yen in January but was substantially below the 1,448.4 billion yen of January, 2009. The deficit on services in January was 255.8 billion yen, little changed from the 251.6 billion yen of a year ago. The deficit on current transfers was 65.0 billion yen, down from the 104.4 deficit of January 2008. The first chart shows the importance of the recent decline in the balance on goods in the decline of the current account.

January is typically a low month for the current account balance, as can be seen in the second chart, which shows both the seasonally unadjusted and adjusted data. After seasonal adjustment, the data for the current account show a surplus of 259.0 billion yen for January. This surplus is, however, the lowest recorded since the early nineties, as can be seen in the second chart, just as the deficit in the unadjusted data was the highest.